[Editor’s note: This blog post originally appeared in Vita Brevis on 24 March 2014.]
While the majority of the immigrants to New England between 1620 and 1640 were Puritans of some variety, a minority were conventional, conforming members of the Church of England, or of no particular religious persuasion at all. For example, West Country fishermen created settlements in Monhegan, Casco, and Richmond Island during the 1620s and early 1630s, accounting for (roughly) one thousand immigrants, or about five percent of the whole Great Migration.
Given the small size of their initial settlement, the role of the Leiden Pilgrims is disproportionately large in the Great Migration narrative. With no more than about 250 immigrants during the 1620s, the examination of this group has consumed more paper and ink than any other event in the history of the settlement of early seventeenth-century New England.
The Dorchester Company, led by the Reverend John White, was about equal in size to the Leiden Pilgrim group, and White’s followers are particularly well-defined during the 1620s; after that decade, other immigrants came from the West Country in significant numbers, but cannot always be connected with White’s activities.
The focus for recruitment of settlers shifted from the western counties to East Anglia and the environs of London, with some admixture of emigrants from Lincolnshire.
The Massachusetts Bay Company, associated most famously with John Winthrop, emerged in the last years of the 1620s, and took on many of the managerial functions of White’s Dorchester Company. The focus for recruitment of settlers shifted from the western counties to East Anglia and the environs of London, with some admixture of emigrants from Lincolnshire. The number of passengers associated with this group is about eleven hundred, or slightly more than five percent of the whole Great Migration.
In 1633, William Laud, the Bishop of London, was elevated to the office of Archbishop of Canterbury, which allowed him, in concert with other like-minded bishops, to extend his pursuit of Puritans to the entire kingdom. This opened the floodgates, with the result that clerical companies formed in nearly all corners of England and made their way to New England.
Although the principal motivation remained adherence to Puritan beliefs, the dynamics of migration changed from the pull of recruitment to the push of persecution. The Laudian immigrants arrived in New England mostly between 1632 and 1640, with relatively small numbers in 1632 and 1633 and perhaps twenty-five hundred a year from 1634 to 1639, with a smaller number in 1640. Therefore, this sub-segment of the Great Migration contributed as many as sixteen thousand immigrants, or about four-fifths of the whole number.
Adapted from the introduction to The Winthrop Fleet.
Is there a good book on the West Country fishermen who created settlements in Monhegan, Casco, and Richmond Island?
To me it seems plausible their presence in the Casco Bay region became a significant part of the cultural difference between Maine and the rest of Massachusetts, with the consequences that followed from it. As I grew up in that area, and have ancestry in that area, and am descended from at least one of of the Trevathany (sp?) fishermen, this really interests me.
My GGGGGGGrandfather’s both settled in Mass, John Balch settled and built the town of Beverly, MA in 1623 and John Hill settled/built the town of Dorchester, MA in 1627, both came over here because the King of England asked and then sent each of them and they were both family to each other in Scotland from the 1200 era, and worked for the King as Tax collectors and other doings for the King and the King suggested/ordered them to both come over here and settle the MA area…. Lot Conant was also one of the helper/settlers for John Balch and he is a relative of mine also….. Also one of the first Governors of Virginia was named Clayborn and he is part of my Mothers (GGGGGGGGGGrandfather) in her family from the 1589 time. I have done the DNA testing and gotten all of that info from the printed outcome a long time ago….
I am seeking to connect with Robert Charles Anderson. I purchased his book, The Winthrop Fleet, and am using it as a resource for a novel I am writing in the historical fiction genre. I am trying to learn the type of wood used to built the Arbella, the flagship of the fleet, but I have been unsuccessful in locating that kind of information about the ship. Please advise. Thank you.
My 8th great grandfather , John Daggett sailed on the Arbella with John Winthrop. The ship’s passenger list shows that he came over with a wife and 2 sons, John jr and Thomas. Later writings refute that and have one son born in 1630, other children later. But the two boys have been listed on two different passenger lists. What is true?